ÕªÒª:Õë¶Ôú¿ó¹ÜµÀÍß˹¼ÆÁ¿ÏÖ״ͨ¹ý¶ÔV׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆµÄÌصã·ÖÎö²¢½áºÏ¹ÜµÀÍß˹×ÔÉíÌصã,µÃ³öV׶Á÷Á¿¼Æ¸üÊʺÏÓڹܵÀÍß˹¼ÆÁ¿¡£Öصã½éÉÜÁËV׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆË㹫ʽÖеÄϵÊýk.²îѹֵ¡÷p¡¢ÃܶȦѱ¾ÉíµÄ²âÁ¿Îó²î¶ÔÁ÷Á¿¼ÆËã½á¹ûµÄÓ°Ï첢ͨ¹ý¼ÆË㲻ͬ״¿öϵÄϵÊýh.²îѹֵ¡÷p¡¢ÃܶȦѵÄÎó²î´óС±ä»¯·ÖÎöÆä±¾Éí¶Ô²âÁ¿½á¹ûµÄÓ°ÏìµÃ³öϵÊýkÓ°Ïì×î´óÒýÈëʵʱÃܶȲâÁ¿¸üÈÝÒ×Ìá¸ß²âÁ¿ÕýÈ·ÂʵĽáÂÛ¡£
¡¡¡¡Íß˹³é·ÅÊÇ·ÀÖÎú¿óÍß˹ÔÖº¦Ê¹ʵĸù±¾´ëÊ©Íß˹³é·Å¼à¿Ø¼°ÀûÓÃÊÇÈ·±£Íß˹³é·Å°²È«¡¢Ìá¸ßÍß˹³é·ÅЧÂʺÍÍß˹ÀûÓÃÂʵÄÖØҪ;¾¶ºÍÓÐЧÊֶΡ£Íß˹ÀûÓÃΪÍß˹³é·Åϵͳ´øÀ´Á˹ãÀ«µÄÊг¡,²¢¶ÔÁ÷Á¿µÄ²âÁ¿ÒàÓÐÁËÒªÇó¡£Á÷Á¿²âÁ¿×°ÖÃÅ䱸ÔÚ¾®ÏÂÒƶ¯±Ã¡¢µØÃæ³é·Å±ÃµÄÕýѹ²àºÍ¸ºÑ¹²à,Ä¿Ç°Ö÷ҪʹÓõÄÊǿװåÁ÷Á¿¼ÆºÍÎнÖÁ÷Á¿¼Æµ÷²é·¢ÏÖÕâ2¿î²âÁ¿×°Öñ¾Éí´æÔںܴó²»×ã°åÁ÷Á¿¼Æ²âÁ¿¾«¶È²î¶øÇҶԱõijé·ÅЧÂÊÓкܴóÓ°Ïì,ÎнÖÁ÷Á¿¼Æ±¾Éí¶ÔÕñ¶¯·Ç³£Ãô¸Ðú¿óµÄ¹¤¿öÌõ¼þºÜ´ó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÓ°ÏìÁËÎнֲâÁ¿µÄÕýÈ·ÂÊͬʱÕâ2ÖÖÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄ°²×°ÐèÒªºÜ³¤µÄÖ±¹Ü¶ÎºÜ¶àʱºò¹¤¿öÌõ¼þÄÑÒÔÂú×㡣Ŀǰú¿ó¼±Ðè--ÖÖ²âÁ¿¾«¶È¸ß³¤ÆÚÎȶ¨ÐԺð²×°Î¬»¤·½±ãµÄ²âÁ¿É豸¡£V׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆÒÔÆä¶ÀÌصÄÐÔÄܷdz£ÊʺÏÓÚú¿óÍß˹³é·Å»·¾³¡£
1.V׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆÔÚÍß˹¹ÜµÀÆøÌå²âÁ¿·½ÃæµÄÌصã
¡¡¡¡Í¨¹ý¶ÔÍß˹¹Ü·³é·ÅÆøÌåºÍÍß˹³é·Å±ÃÏÖ³¡×÷Òµ»·¾³µÄ·ÖÎö½áºÏV׶Á÷Á¿´«¸ÐÆ÷±¾ÉíµÄÌØÐÔ·ÖÎö,V׶Á÷Á¿´«¸ÐÆ÷ÊÇÒ»¿î·Ç³£ÊʺÏÍß˹¹ÜµÀÆøÌå²âÁ¿µÄÁ÷Á¿¼Æ,ËüµÄÒÔÏÂÌصã¾ö¶¨ÁËËü·Ç³£ÊÊÓÃÓÚÍß˹¹ÜµÀÆøÌåµÄ²âÁ¿¡£
(1)¡À0.5%µÄ²âÁ¿¾«¶È(ÔÚ¶àÊý±ê¶¨µÄV׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆÖÐÁ÷³öϵÊýµÄ²»È·¶¨¶È²»³¬¹ý0.4%)¡£ÕâÑù¸ßµÄ¾«¶ÈÊǿװåµÈ´«Í³²îѹÒDZíËù²»ÄÜÏà±ÈµÄ;Á¿³Ì±È10~15:1¡£
(2)ÔÚʹÓð²×°Ê±,Ö»ÐèÒª¼«¶ÌµÄÖ±¹Ü¶ÎÉõÖÁ²»ÐèҪǰÃæ1(0)~3DºóÃæ0~1D¡£(ÔÚµ÷½Ú·§ºó°²×°Ê±ÐèÒª3DµÄÖ±¹Ü,DΪ¹Ü·ֱ¾¶)¡£
(3)¾ßÓм«¸ßµÄ²âÁ¿ÁéÃô¶È(·Ö±æÂÊ)¸ºÑ¹¶ËÔ¼25PaµÄѹÁ¦(Ë®Öù¸ß¶È»¹²»µ½ÆÕͨ²£Á§°åµÄºñ¶È)¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¼ì²âµ½¡£Òò¶ø³ýÁ˲âÁ¿´óÁ÷Á¿Í⻹¿É²âÁ¿¼«Ð¡µÄÁ÷Á¿ÈçÑ̵ÀÆøµÈ¡£
(4)V׶Ìå±»Éè¼Æ³É´µÉ¨Ðͽṹ,Òò¶ø¾ßÓÐ×ÔÇå½à¹¦ÄÜ,Òò´Ë²»»á¶Ñ»ý½ØÁôÁ÷ÌåÖÐЮ´øµÄÈκÎÔàÎÛÎï¡¢Äý¹ÌÌå¡¢¹ÌÌå¡¢ÆøÒºµÈ¡£·Ç³£ÊʺϲâÁ¿ÔàÎÛµÄÁ÷Ìå¡£
(5)Á÷ÌåÁ÷¹ý¾ßÓÐÌØÊâÐÎ×´½á¹¹µÄV׶Ìåʱ,»áÔÚÆä½ÚÁ÷±ßÔµ´¦Ðγɱ߽ç²ãЧӦ,Òò´Ë¼«´óµØ¼õÉÙÁËÄ¥ËðµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ,Òò´ËV׶ÐÍÁ÷Á¿¼ÆͶÈëʹÓÃ.ºó³ý¼«ÌØÊâÌõ¼þÍâ,ËüµÄ½ÚÁ÷±ßÊDz»»á±»Ä¥ËðµÃ,Ò²¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÃâ²ðж±ê¶¨µÄ¡£
(6)Î޿ɶ¯²¿¼þ²»º¬ÈκεçÆ÷¼þÊÇ-¸ö´¿»úеÌå¾ßÓв»ÅÂÕ𶯡¢Ä͸ßΡ¢¸ßѹ¡¢·À¸¯µÈÌص㡣Ҳ¾ÍÊÇ˵:Ëü¼ÈÓд«Í³²îѹʽÒDZíµÄ½á¹¹¼òµ¥¡¢Àι̿ɿ¿Ö®ÌصãÓÖ¾ßÓд«Í³²îѹʽËù²»¾ß±¸µÄ¸÷ÏîÓÅÔ½ÐÔÄÜ¡£
(7)ѹËðС,Ïà±ÈÓÚ¿×°åÁ÷Á¿¼ÆºÍÎнÖÁ÷Á¿¼ÆÓÐÃ÷ÏԵĽÚÄÜЧ¹û¡£
2V׶Á÷Á¿¼Æ²âÁ¿½á¹ûµÄÎó²î¼ÆËã
2.1²âÊÔÊý¾Ý¼°Îó²î´¦Àí·½·¨
¡¡¡¡¶Ô3̨VÁ÷Á¿´«¸ÐÆ÷½øÐÐÁ˲âÊÔ¾¹ýʵÁ÷±ê.¶¨ÏµÊýk:Ϊ8690¡£±í1ΪʵÁ÷±ê¶¨Ê±Ëù²âµÃµÄ²ÎÊý¡£
¡¡¡¡½áºÏÒÔÉϱ궨Êý¾Ý·ÖÎö¸÷±äÁ¿¶ÔÁ÷Á¿¼ÆËãÖµµÄÓ°Ïì²¢¼ÆËã³ö¸÷±äÁ¿¶Ô¼ÆËãÖµÓ°ÏìµÄ´óС£¬´Ó¶ø¿ÉÒÔÓÐÕë¶ÔÐԵĴ¦ÀíÉú²úºÍ²âÁ¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÒýÈëµÄÎó.²îÌá¸ßÊý¾ÝµÄÕýÈ·ÂÊ¡£²¢Öصã¹Û²ìÒýÈë¼×ÍéŨ¶È²âÁ¿¶ÔÕæʵֵµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
¡¡¡¡Ê×ÏÈÑ¡È¡²âÊÔÌõ¼þÔÚÕâÀï¶Ô±ê×¼×´¿ö¼°Æ乤¿ö¼òµ¥¼ÓÒÔ˵Ã÷±ê×¼×´¿öͨ³£ÊÇָζÈΪ0C(273.15K)ºÍѹǿΪ101.325kPaµÄÇé¿ö;¹¤¿öÊÇÖ¸¹¤ÒµÏÖ³¡É豸ÔÚÏÖ³¡¹¤×÷ʱËù´¦µÄ»·¾³×´¿öÐèÏÖ³¡²âÁ¿¡£ÎªÁ˸üÌù½üʵ¼ÊʹÓû·¾³Ñ¡È¡¹¤¿ö×´¿ö½øÐмÆËãÔÚζÈΪ20C´óÆøѹÁ¦Îª101.325.kPa×´¿öÏ¿ÕÆøµÄÃܶÈΪ1.2041kg/m',¼×ÍéÃܶÈ0.6669kg/m'×´¿ö,¹¤¿öÏÂÌå»ýÁ÷Á¿QvµÄ¼ÆËãʽ')ÈçÏÂ:
ʽÖÐ
k---ϵÊý;
C---Á÷³öϵÊý;.
¦Å---ѹËõϵÊýÒºÌå¦Å=1;
¦Â---Ö±¾¶±È;
D---¹ÜµÀÄÚ¾¶,mm;
d---׶Ìå×î´ó´¦Ö±¾¶.mm¡£
¡¡¡¡QvÊÇÒ»¸öº¬ÓжàÔª±äÁ¿µÄ¼ÆË㹫ʽÆäÖÐϵÊýk¡¢²îѹֵ¡÷p¡¢ÃܶÈp¶¼ÊÇÆäÖеıäÁ¿,¶øϵÊýkÓÖÊܵ½¶àÖÖÒòËصÄÓ°ÏìÔÚÕâÀï°ÑϵÊýkµ±×öµ¥¶ÀµÄ±äÁ¿´¦ÀíÕâÑù¸üÓÐÀûÓÚÎó²î·ÖÎö¡£Òò´Ëʽ(1)ÊÇÒ»¸öº¬ÓÐ3¸ö×Ô±äÁ¿µÄº¯Êý¡£
µÄ¹ÀËã¼ÆËã³ök¡¢OpºÍpËù²úÉúµÄÎó²î¶ÔÕæʵֵµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚʵ¼ÊµÄÉú²úºÍ²âÁ¿¹ý³ÌÖÐk¡¢¡÷pºÍ¦Ñ3¸öÊý¶¼»á²úÉú²»Í¬³Ì¶ÈµÄÎó²î,ÓÉÓÚ²âÁ¿Êֶμ°¹¤¾ßµÄÓÐÏÞ²»¿ÉÄܵõ½Õæʵֵ,Òò´ËÖ»ÄܹÀËã³ö²âÁ¿ÖµÓëÕæʵֵµÄÎó²îÔÚÕâÀォϵÊýkËù²úÉúµÄÎó²î¹ÀËãΪ10%,¡÷pËù²úÉúµÄÎó²î¹ÀËãΪ5%ÃܶȦѲúÉúµÄÓ°ÏìÊǼÆËãµÄÖصãÍß˹³é·Å¹Ü·×÷ҵʱÃܶȱ¾ÉíËæ×ÅÍß˹³é·Å½ø¶È²»¶Ï±ä»¯,Òò´ËÉèÖÃ2ÖÖÇé¿ö,Ò»ÖÖÇé¿öÊÇÔÚ²âÁ¿¹ý³ÌÖв»¶Ï¶Ô¼×ÍéµÄ²âÁ¿µ÷ÕûÃܶȲÎÊýÌá¸ßÆäÕýÈ·ÂÊ,×ۺϲâÁ¿¹¤¾ßµÈ·½ÃæµÄÓ°Ï콫Îó²îÀ©´ó,Ïà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞΪ2%;Áí-ÖÖÇé¿öÊDz»½øÐÐÃܶȼÆËãºÍÐÞÕýÕâÑù²úÉúµÄÎó²îÏà¶Ô½Ï´ó¡£
¡¡¡¡ÀýÈç:¹¤¿öÏ¿ÕÆøµÄÃܶÈΪ1.2041kg/m3,¼×ÍéÃܶÈ0.6669kg/m3,¼×Í麬Á¿ÊÇ20%ʱ,Íß˹ÆøÌåÃܶÈΪ1.09666kg/m3;
¡¡¡¡¼×Í麬Á¿ÊÇ40%ʱÍß˹ÆøÌåÃܶÈΪ0.98922kg/m3;¼×Í麬Á¿½Ó½üÓÚ0ʱ£¬Íß˹ÆøÌåÃܶÈΪ1.2041kg/m3Ôò:¼×Í麬Á¿40%µÄ¼×ÍéÃܶÈÓë¼×Í麬Á¿20%µÄ¼×ÍéÃܶÈËù²úÉúµÄÎó²îΪ0.10744;¼×Í麬Á¿0%µÄ¼×ÍéÃܶÈÓë¼×Í麬Á¿20%µÄ¼×ÍéÃܶÈËù²úÉúµÄÎó²îΪ0.10744¡£
Ïà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞΪ:0.10744+1.09666=9.8%¡£
ÀûÓù«Ê½¼ÆËãÎó²îe(A*)Ϊ:
¡Ö2499.005+11735.424=21.29%
¡¡¡¡Í¬Àí¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐϵÊýk¡¢²îѹ¡÷p¡¢ÃܶȦÑÎó²î¾ùΪ10%ʱµÄÎó²î¼ÆËã;ϵÊýkÎó²î10%¡¢ÃܶȦÑÎó²î2%ʱµÄÎó²î¼ÆËã;ϵÊýkÎó²î5%¡¢ÃܶȦÑÎó2%ʱµÄÎó²î¼ÆËã½á¹û¼û±í2¡£
2.3Îó²î½á¹ûͳ¼Æ·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡´Ó±í2ÖпÉÒÔ¿´³ö¡£ÔÚϵÊýk²îѹ¡÷¦Ñ¡¢ÃܶȦѱ¾Éí´æÔÚ10%Îó²îµÄÇé¿öÏÂ,Ïà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞ´ïµ½ÁË23.90%;¶øÔÚ¹ÀËãµÄϵÊýkÎó²î10%¡¢²îѹ¡÷¦ÑÎó²î5%¡¢ÃܶȦÑÎó²î9.8%µÄÎó²îÇé¿öÏÂÏà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞÊÇ21.29%;ÔÚÌá¸ß¼¼Êõ¼°Æ乤ÒÕµÄÇé¿öÏÂϵÊýk:Îó²î5%¡¢²îѹ¡÷¦ÑÎó²î2%¡¢ÃܶȦÑÎó²î2%ʱÏà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞΪ8.83%¡£¿ÉÒԵóöÈçϽáÂÛ:
(1)ÔÚk¡¢¡÷p¡¢¦ÑÎó²î¾ùΪ10%ʱhsϵÊý²úÉúµÄÎó²î¶Ô×îÖÕ¼ÆËã½á¹ûÓ°Ïì×î´óÆä´ÎΪÃܶȦѲîѹ¡÷p×îС¡£
(2)ÀûÓùÀËãµÄÃܶȼÆË㹤¿öÁ÷Á¿Ê±Ö»¿¼ÂǼ×ÍéÆøÌåŨ¶È±ä»¯20%µÄÇé¿öÏÂ,Îó²îÒÀ¾É·Ç³£´óÏà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞ¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½21.29%¡£
(3)ÔÚk¡¢¡÷p¡¢¦ÑÎó²î·Ö±ðΪ5%¡¢2%¡¢2%ʱ¼´ÀûÓÃÃܶȵĵ÷ÕûÀ´½øÒ»²½Ìá¸ßÊýÖµÕýÈ·ÂʵÄÇé¿öÏÂÏà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞ¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½8.83%¡£
(4)ϵÊýk¼õСÎó²îÊÇ×îΪÓÐЧµÄÌá¸ßÊý¾ÝÕýÈ·Âʵķ½Ê½Í¨¹ýϵÊýk´Ó10%µÄÎó²îÌá¸ßµ½5%µÄÎó²î,¿É½«Ïà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞ´Ó15.58%Ìá¸ßµ½8.83%¡£
(5)ͨ¹ýÒýÈë¼×ÍéŨ¶È²âÁ¿ÐÞÕýÃܶÈÊý¾ÝÊÇÐÐÖ®ÓÐЧµÄÌá¸ßÊý¾ÝÕýÈ·Âʵķ½·¨,¼×ÍéŨ¶ÈµÄ²âÁ¿Ê¹µÃÎó²î¿ÉÒÔ´Ó9.8%¼õСΪ2%ÒÔÄÚ²âÁ¿½á¹ûµÄÏà¶ÔÎó²îÏÞ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó21.29%Ìá¸ßµ½1558%¡£
(6)´ÓÉú²úºÍ¼¼ÊõµÄ¿É²Ù×÷ÐÔ·½Ãæ½øÐжԱÈ,ÒýÈë¼×ÍéŨ¶ÈÐÞÕýÃܶÈÊý¾ÝÊÇÒ×ÓÚʵÏÖÇҷdz£ÓÐЧµÄÌá¸ßÊý¾ÝÕýÈ·Âʵķ½Ê½¡£
3½áÓï
¡¡¡¡Õë¶ÔV׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆÔÚú¿ó¹ÜµÀÍß˹¼ÆÁ¿·½ÃæµÄÓ¦ÓÃÏÖ×´,Öصã½éÉÜÁËV׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆË㹫ʽÖÐϵÊýk¡¢²îѹֵ¡÷p¡¢ÃܶȦѱ¾ÉíµÄ²âÁ¿Îó²î¶ÔÁ÷Á¿¼ÆËã½á¹ûµÄÓ°Ï첢ͨ¹ý¼ÆË㲻ͬ״¿öϵÄϵÊýk¡¢²îѹֵ;¡÷p¡¢ÃܶÈpµÄÎó²î´óС±ä»¯·ÖÎöÆä±¾Éí¶Ô²âÁ¿½á¹ûµÄÓ°ÏìµÃ³ökϵÊýÓ°Ïì×î´óÒýÈëʵʱÃܶȲâÁ¿¸üÈÝÒ×Ìá¸ß²âÁ¿ÕýÈ·ÂʵĽáÂÛ¡£²¢Í¨¹ý¶ÔÉú²ú¼Ó¹¤V׶ÌåµÄ¹¤ÒոĽøÒÔ¼°Í¨¹ýÒýÈëÍß˹Ũ¶È²âÁ¿Ð£ÕýÃܶÈÖµ½ø¶øʹµÃÁ÷Á¿²âÁ¿µÄÕýÈ·ÂÊ´ó´óµÄÌá¸ß¡£
¡¡¡¡V׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆÏÖÒÑÔÚɽÎ÷ÁÉÄþ¡¢ºÚÁú½µÈµØ¿ªÊ¼Ê¹ÓÃÆä²âÁ¿µÄÕýÈ·ÂʺÍÎȶ¨ÐÔ½Ï֮ǰÁ÷Á¿¼ÆÓÐÃ÷ÏÔÌá¸ß½ÚÄÜЧ¹ûÏÔÖø¡£Óë´ËͬʱËæ×ŲâÁ¿Êý¾ÝµÄ½øÒ»²½·á¸»½«½øÒ»²½Ìá¸ßV׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆµÄÐÔÄÜ,ʹ.µÃÆä²âÁ¿ÕýÈ·ÂʽøÒ»²½Ìá¸ßÍƽøV׶Á÷Á¿¼ÆµÄ¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼»¯½ø³Ì¡£
ÒÔÉÏÄÚÈÝÔ´ÓÚÍøÂ磬ÈçÓÐÇÖȨÁªÏµ¼´É¾³ý!