¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿½²Êöµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄ¹¤×÷ÔÀí,¼°Ó¦ÓÃÖеij£¼ûÎÊÌâ¡¢¹ÊÕÏÀàÐͺͽâ¾ö·½·¨¡£
1¡¢ÒýÑÔ
¡¡¡¡ÓÉÓÚË®×ÊÔ´ØÑ·¦Ë®¼ÛÉÏÕÇ,ÔÚË®µÄ¼ÆÁ¿ÉÏ´óÁ¿Ê¹ÓüÆÁ¿¾«¶È¸ßµÄµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼Æ¼ì²âϵͳ¡£Ëæ×ÅʹÓÃÁ¿Ôö¼Ó,µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄ¹ÊÕÏÂÊ¡¢Ëð»µÂÊÔö´ó,ÈçºÎ׼ȷ¿ìËÙµÄÅųýÁ÷Á¿¼Æ³öÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ,ÊÇÌá¸ß¼ÆÁ¿Ë®Æ½µÄ¹Ø¼üÒòËØ,ͨ¹ý¶Ô¸÷ÀàÎÊÌâµÄ·ÖÎö×ܽá,ʹµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄ¹ÊÕÏÂÊ¡¢»µÂʽµµÍÁË60%,Ìá¸ß¼ÆÁ¿Ë®Æ½¡£
2¡¢µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄ¹¤×÷ÔÀí
¡¡¡¡µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆÊÇÀûÓ÷¨ÀµÚµç´Å¸ÐÓ¦¶¨ÂÉÖƳɵÄÒ»ÖÖ²âÁ¿µ¼µçÒºÌåÌå»ýÁ÷Á¿µÄÒÇ±í¡£ËüµÄÔÀíÊÇ·¨ÀµÚµç´Å¸ÐÓ¦¶¨ÂÉ,¼´µ¼ÌåÔڴų¡ÖÐ×öÇиî´ÅÁ¦ÏßÔ˶¯Ê±,ÔÚÆäÁ½¶Ë²úÉú¸ÐÓ¦µç¶¯ÊÆ,µ¼µçÐÔÒºÌåÔÚ´¹Ö±Óڴų¡µÄ·Ç´ÅÐÔ²âÁ¿¹ÜÄÚÁ÷¶¯Ê±,Çиî´ÅÁ¦Ïß²úÉúÓëÁ÷Á¿³É±ÈÀýµÄ¸ÐÓ¦µçÊÆ,µç¶¯ÊƵķ½Ïò°´¡°ÓÒÊÖ¹æÔò¡±ÅжÏ,ͨ¹ý²âÁ¿µç¶¯ÊƵĴóС¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã³öÁ÷ÌåµÄÁ÷Á¿¡£
Q=E/KE=KBDV
ʽÖÐQ¨D¨DÁ÷Á¿;E¨D¨D¸ÐÓ¦µç¶¯ÊÆ£¨µ¥Î»V£©;k¨D¨DϵÊý;
B¨D¨D´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶È£¨µ¥Î»T£©;D¨D¨D²âÁ¿¹ÜÄÚ¾¶£¨µ¥Î»m£©;
V¨D¨Dƽ¾ùÁ÷ËÙ,£¨µ¥Î»m/s£©;
3¡¢µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆʹÓÃÖг£¼û¹ÊÕϲúÉúµÄÔÒò¼°½â¾ö°ì·¨
¡¡¡¡µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆÔËÐÐʱ³£¼û¹ÊÕÏ:£¨1£©µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼Æ²»¼ÆÁ¿¡££¨2£© ¼ÆÁ¿Êý¾ÝÎó²î´ó¡£
3.1µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼Æ²»ÄܼÆÁ¿¹ÊÕÏ¡£
3.1.1µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼Æ±»Ëð»µÔì³ÉµÄ²»¼ÆÁ¿¹ÊÕÏ¡£
£¨1£©À×»÷:À×»÷ÊÇË𻵵ç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒò¡£ÔÚ´òÀ×ʱ,ÒDZíÏß·Öлá¸ÐÓ¦³ö˲ʱ¸ßµçѹ¡¢µçÁ÷,µ±ËüÃǽøÈëÒDZíʱ¾Í»áËð»µÒÇ±í¡£Í¨¹ý¶ÔÏÖ³¡Ë𻵵IJ¿¼þ·ÖÎö·¢ÏÖ,¸ÐÓ¦µçѹ¡¢µçÁ÷½øÈëÒDZíÓÐ4Ìõ;¾¶:£¨a£©´ÓµçÔ´Ïß½øÈëÒÇ±í£¨b£©´Ó´«¸ÐÆ÷Óëת»»Æ÷¼äµÄÁ÷Á¿ÐźÅÏß½øÈëÒÇ±í£¨c£©´ÓÀø´ÅÏß½øÈëÒÇ±í£¨d£©´ÓÊä³ö4-20mAµÄÐźÅÏß½øÈëÒÇ±í¡£Òò´Ëµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆÔÚÉè¼ÆÉϸĽø·ÀÀ×»÷Éè¼Æ,ÔÚʹÓÃÖмÓÇ¿·ÀÀ×»÷´ëÊ©,¿É¼õÉÙ´ËÀà¹ÊÕϵķ¢Éú¡£
£¨2£©µçÔ´µçѹ²¨¶¯¹ý´ó¡¢ÒDZí½øË®¡¢²¿¼þÀÏ»¯µÈÇé¿ö¾ù»áÒýÆðµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄË𻵡£Ìá¸ßµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄµçÔ´µÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ,»ò¸øËüÌṩһ̨¾«¶È¸ßµÄÎÈѹµçÔ´,¿ÉÒÔ¼õÉÙÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄË𻵡£ÔÚÒDZíµÄ¹¤×÷ÏÖ³¡×÷ºÃÒDZíµÄ·ÀË®·À³±¹¤×÷,¿É¼õÉÙ´ËÀàÎÊÌâµÄ·¢Éú¡£
3.1.2²âÁ¿Ïß·¶Ï·Ôì³ÉµÄ²»¼ÆÁ¿µÄ¹ÊÕÏ¡£
¡¡¡¡¼ÜÉèµÄ²âÁ¿Ïß·±»¹Ò¶Ï»òÍÚ¶Ï,ʹÁ÷Á¿¼Æ²»ÄܼÆÁ¿,ÐÞ¸´Ïß·¼´¿ÉÅųý¹ÊÕÏ¡£
3.2¼ÆÁ¿Êý¾ÝÎó²î´óÎÊÌâ¡£
ÔÒòÓÐ:£¨1£©ÒDZíµÄ°²×°Î»ÖÃÉè¼ÆµÄ²»ºÏÀíÔì³ÉµÄ¡££¨2£©Ê¹Óùý³ÌÖÐʹÓ÷½·¨²»ÕýÈ·Ôì³ÉµÄ¼ÆÁ¿Îó²îÎÊÌâ¡£
3.2.1ÒDZíµÄ°²×°Î»ÖÃÉè¼Æ²»ºÏÀí²úÉúµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
£¨1£©´«¸ÐÆ÷°²×°Ê±Ñ¡ÔñµÄ²âÁ¿Î»Öò»µ±,²âÁ¿Ìõ¼þ²»ºÏÊÊ,Ôì³ÉµÄ¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î¡£´«¸ÐÆ÷ÉÏÓÎÁ÷ÌåµÄÁ÷¶¯×´¿ö²»Îȶ¨,Æ«Àë¹æ¶¨ÒªÇóÔì³ÉµÄ¡£ÀýûÓÐ×ã¹»³¤¶ÈµÄÖ±¹Ü¶Î,ÔÚ½Ó½ü´«¸ÐÆ÷µÄÉÏÓÎÉèÖõ÷½Ú·§»òδȫ²¿´ò¿ªµÄÕ¢·§µÈµÈ,¿ÉÒԸĶ¯´«¸ÐÆ÷µÄ°²×°Î»ÖÃÓèÒÔ½â¾ö¡£
£¨2£©±»²â¹ÜµÀµÄÒºÌåδÂú¹Ü,»òÒºÌåÖк¬ÓÐÆøÅÝÔì³ÉµÄ²âÁ¿Îó²î¡£´ËÀà¹ÊÕÏÖ÷ÒªÊǹÜÍø¹¤³ÌÉè¼Æ²»Á¼»òÏà¹ØÉ豸²»ÍêÉÆÔì³ÉµÄ,½øÐйÜÍø¸ÄÔì¿É½â¾öÎÊÌâ¡£
3.2.2ʹÓùý³ÌÖвúÉúµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
£¨1£©Ê¹ÓÃÖеç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄת»»Æ÷²ÎÊýÉèÖò»×¼È·¡¢Ôì³É¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î¡£ÔÚʹÓÃÖоÍÔø¾·¢ÏÖ´«¸ÐÆ÷ϵÊý±»Îó¸Ä,´Ó¶øµ¼Ö¼ÆÁ¿Ê§ÕæµÄÇé¿ö¡£Í¨¹ý¸´ºËת»»Æ÷²ÎÊýÖµ,¼ì²éÁãµã¡¢Âú¶ÈÖµ,¿É½â¾öÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ¡£
£¨2£©ÐźŵçÀ²»Æ¥Åä»òʹÓùý³ÌÖеçÀ¾øÔµ²»ºÃÔì³ÉµÄ¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î;²»Í¬ÒÇ±í³§µÄÒDZí¶ÔµçÀµÄÒªÇóÊDz»Ò»ÑùµÄ,µ±³öÏÖ¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î½Ï´óµÄÇé¿öʱ,ͨ¹ý¼ì²é,Á¬½ÓµçÀÂÊÇ·ñÆ¥Åä?Á¬½ÓÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·?¾øÔµÊÇ·ñϽµ?¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖÐźŵçÀÂϵͳ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ,Ïû³ý¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î¡£
¡¡¡¡¼ì²éʱÖصã¼ì²éһϼ¸µã:£¨a£©ÐźŵçÀ¶Ͽªµã¡£ÒòΪ¶Ï½Ó´¦Ò×ÎüÈë³±Æø,¾øԵϽµ²úÉú¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î;£¨b£©ÐźÅÏßÄ©¶Ëδ´¦ÀíºÃ,ʹÄÚ¡¢ÍâÆÁ±Î²ãºÍÐźÅÏßÖ®¼äÓж̽Ó,»òÓëÍâ¿Ç¶Ì½Ó²úÉú¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î;£¨c£©µçÀÂÐͺŲ»Æ¥Åä²úÉú¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î;£¨d£©µçÀ³¤¶È³¬¹ý¹æ¶¨ÉÏÏÞ,ÓÖû²ÉÈ¡ÓÐЧ´ëÊ©,²úÉúµÄ¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î¡£µ±°´ÒªÇó¸ü»»µçÀº󼴿ɽâ¾öÉÏÊöÎÊÌâ¡£
£¨3£©´«¸ÐÆ÷¼«¼äµç×è±ä»¯¡¢µç¼«¾øԵϽµ²úÉúµÄ¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î;ÓÉÓÚµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼Æ²âÁ¿µÄ¶àÊǹ¤Òµ·ÏË®,ËùÒÔº¬ÓдóÁ¿µÄÐü¸¡¹ÌÌå»òÎÛÎï,¾Í»á¾³£³öÏÖ´«¸ÐÆ÷ÄÚ±ÚÓи½×ŲãµÄÎÊÌâ¡£µ±¸½×ŲãµÄµçµ¼ÂÊÓë±»²âÒºÌåµçµ¼ÂÊÏà½üʱ,¾Í»áÔì³É²âÁ¿Îó²î´ó¡£ÈôÊǸߵ絼Âʸ½×Ųã,µç¼«¼äµç¶¯Êƽ«±»¶Ì·,ÒÇ±í²»¼ÆÁ¿;ÈôÊǾøÔµÐÔ¸½×Ųã,µç¼«±íÃæ±»¾øԵʹ²âÁ¿µç·¶Ï¿ª,Ôì³É¼ì²âÊý¾ÝƫС¡£Í¨¹ý¼ì²âµç¼«ÓëÒºÌå¼ä½Ó´¥µç×è¡¢µç¼«¾øÔµ,¿É·ÀÖ¹´ËÀàÎÊÌâµÄ·¢Éú¡£
¡¡¡¡µç¼«ÓëÒºÌå½Ó´¥µç×èÖµµÄ´óС,Ö÷Ҫȡ¾öÓÚ½Ó´¥Ãæ»ýºÍÒºÌåµÄµçµ¼ÂÊ¡£Ò»°ã½á¹¹µÄµç¼«ÓëÕôÁóË®½Ó´¥Ê±,µçµ¼ÂÊΪ5¡Á10-6S/cm,²âµÃµÄ½Ó´¥µç×èֵΪ¼¸°Ùǧŷ,Éú»îÓÃË®ºÍ¹¤ÒµÓÃË®µÄµçµ¼ÂÊΪ150¡Á10-6S/cm,²âµÃ½Ó´¥µç×èֵԼΪ15k¦¸,ÑÎË®µÄµçµ¼ÂÊΪ1¡Á10-2S/cm,²âµÃµÄ½Ó´¥µç×èֵԼΪ200¦¸¡£²âÁ¿µç¼«½Ó´¥µç×èʱ,Ó¦ÔÚ³äÂúÒºÌåʱ²â,ËäȻֻÄÜÈ·¶¨´ó¸ÅµÄÖµ,È´ÊÇÅжÏÒDZí×´¿öºÃ»µµÄ¼ò½ÝµÄ·½·¨¡£ÁíÍâÓ¦ÔÚ°²×°µ÷ÊÔʱ,²âÁ¿Ã¿Ò»Ì¨´«¸ÐÆ÷µÄµç¼«½Ó´¥µç×è,²¢¼Ç¼ÔÚ°¸,×÷ΪÒÔºóά»¤Ê±µÄ²Î¿¼Öµ¡£µ±²âÁ¿µç¼«µÄ½Ó´¥µç×è±È²Î¿¼ÖµÆ«´óʱ,˵Ã÷µç¼«±íÃæ±»¾øÔµ²ã¸²¸Ç»ò²¿·Ö¸²¸Ç;µ±²âÁ¿Öµ±È²Î¿¼Öµ¼õÉÙʱ,˵Ã÷µç¼«ºÍ³ÄÀï±íÃ渽×ŵ¼µç³Á»ý²ã£¨µç¼«¾øÔµµç×è´óÓÚ100Õ×Å·Ä·£©;¼ì²âºó¶ÔÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ´«¸ÐÆ÷²ðϼì²é,ÈôȷʵÊǾøÔµ±»ÆÆ»µ,Ôòµ÷»»´«¸ÐÆ÷¼´¿É£¨×¢ÒâÔÚ²âÁ¿µç¼«µÄµç×èֵʱ,±ØÐëÓÃͬһÐͺÅÍòÓñíµÄͬһ²âÁ¿µµ½øÐвâÁ¿£©¡£
£¨4£©ÒDZíÖÜΧµç´Å³¡µÄ¸ÉÈÅÔì³ÉµÄ¼ÆÁ¿Îó²î¡£µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆÊÇ¿¿µç´ÅÄÜÁ¿×ª»»¹¤×÷µÄÒÇ±í¡£µ±¹ÜµÀÉÏÓÐÔÓÉ¢µçÁ÷µÄ¸ÉÈÅ¡¢ÖÜΧ¿Õ¼äµç´Å²¨¸ÉÈÅ¡¢´óµç»ú´Å³¡¸ÉÈÅʱ,¾Í»á²úÉú´óµÄ²âÁ¿Îó²î¡£¶Ô½ÏÈõµÄ¹ÜµÀÔÓÉ¢µçÁ÷µÄ¸ÉÈÅ,²ÉÈ¡Á¼ºÃµÄµ¥¶À½ÓµØ±£»¤´ëÊ©,¿ÉÏû³ý¡£µ«ÈçÓö¹ÜµÀÓÐÇ¿ÔÓÉ¢µçÁ÷,±ØÐë²ÉÈ¡Á÷Á¿´«¸ÐÆ÷Óë¹ÜµÀ¾øÔµµÄ´ëÊ©²ÅÄÜ¿Ë·þ¡£¿Õ¼äµç´Å²¨¸ÉÈÅÐźźʹóµç»ú´Å³¡¸ÉÈÅÐźÅ,Ò»°ãÊÇÐźŵçÀ²ÉÓõ¥²ãÆÁ±Î»ò¶à²ãÆÁ±ÎÀ´Ïû³ý¸ÉÈÅ¡£
4¡¢Ð¡½á
¡¡¡¡½üÄêÀ´,µç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄʹÓÃÔ½À´Ô½¹ã·º¡£¶øË®¼ÆÁ¿»ù±¾¶¼Óõç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼Æ¡£ÎªÁË׼ȷ¼ÆÁ¿,¾ÍÐèÒªÒDZíά»¤ÈËÔ±¶Ôµç´ÅÁ÷Á¿¼ÆµÄ¹ÊÕÏÅжϿìËÙ¡¢×¼È·¡£²ÉÓÃÕâÒ»Ì×¹ÊÕÏ·ÖÎö·½·¨ºó,¿ÉÒÔ¿ìËÙ½â¾ö¶àÖÖ¹ÊÕÏ,Ìá¸ßÁ˹¤×÷ЧÂÊ,±£Ö¤Á˼ÆÁ¿Êý¾ÝµÄ׼ȷÐÔ¡£
ÒÔÉÏÄÚÈÝÔ´ÓÚÍøÂ磬ÈçÓÐÇÖȨÁªÏµ¼´É¾³ý!